Bible Compilation | Dr. Deen Islam

Bible Information

Definition of the Bible:

According to the Catholics: We can define the Bible as “a collection of writings, which the Church of God has solemnly recognized as inspired” (Catholic Encyclopedia).

According to the non-Catholic’s definition: Paul says, indeed: “All Scripture, inspired of God, is profitable to teach, to reprove, to correct, to instruct in justice, that the man of God may be perfect, furnished to every good work” (2 Tim. 3:16, 17).

16 All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness.

Many Bible schools/churches do not offer a thorough compilation of Scriptures, Books, or Gospels, nor do they provide a systematic approach to showcasing the complete representation of God's true words.

Historical Background

The concept of a triune God can be traced back to early Christianity when theologians such as Tertullian and Origen began discussing and developing the idea of a Trinitarian God. However, it wasn't until the 4th century that the doctrine of the Trinity was solidified at the Councils of Nicaea and Constantinople, where it was formally defined as a core belief of Christianity.

The Problems

Lack of Clarity

One of the main issues with the Christian Trinity doctrine is its lack of clarity. Despite centuries of discussion and debate, there is still not a clear and universally accepted definition or explanation of how three distinct persons can exist in one being. This has led to confusi2on and misunderstandings among believers and non-believers alike.

Incoherence

Another problem with the Christian Trinity doctrine is its perceived incoherence. Many critics argue that the idea of three persons being one being is logically impossible and goes against the fundamental laws of logic. They question how one being can be both fully God and fully human at the same time.

Biblical Basis

Some Christians also have issues with the concept of the Trinity because they believe it lacks a strong biblical basis. While there are verses in the Bible that hint at the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit being distinct persons, there is no clear scriptural evidence for their co-equal and co-eternal nature as stated in the doctrine.

Influence from Paganism

Another concern raised by some critics is that the Christian Trinity doctrine may have been influenced by pagan beliefs and practices. The idea of a trinity of gods was not uncommon in many ancient religions, and some argue that early Christian theologians may have incorporated this concept into their beliefs.

Difficulty in Explanation

The complexity of the Trinity doctrine also poses a problem for believers. Many struggle to fully understand and explain it, leading to various interpretations and disagreements among different denominations. This can create confusion and division within the Christian community.

The Council of Nicaea

The Council of Nicea, also known as the First Council of Nicaea, was a historic gathering of Christian bishops in 325 AD. Convened by Roman Emperor Constantine I, it aimed to establish unified beliefs and practices within the early Christian church. This council played a significant role in shaping Christianity and its impact can still be seen in modern-day Christianity. Here are some of the key achievements and significance of the Council of Nicea:

Establishment of Nicene Creed: One of the main accomplishments of the Council was the establishment of the Nicene Creed, which outlined fundamental beliefs and doctrines of Christianity. This creed is still recited in many churches today.
Defining the nature of Jesus: The Council addressed the controversy surrounding the nature of Jesus, with some believing he was fully divine and others believing he was a created being. Through debate and discussion, the bishops declared that Jesus is "of one substance with the Father" in the Nicene Creed, solidifying the belief in his divinity.
Resolution of Arianism: Arianism was a major theological dispute within Christianity regarding the relationship between God and Jesus. The Council ultimately rejected this belief as heretical and reaffirmed that God and Jesus are equal in essence.
Establishment of Easter date: Another significant outcome of the Council was its decision to establish a uniform date for celebrating Easter. This helped to maintain unity among Christians and avoid conflicts over different traditions.
Influence on future councils: The Council of Nicea served as a model for future church councils, laying the foundation for resolving theological disputes through debate and consensus among bishops. It also set a precedent for the involvement of secular authorities in matters of the church.
Impact on Christianity today: The decisions made at the Council of Nicea had a lasting impact on Christianity. It helped to solidify core beliefs and doctrines, establish a centralized authority within the church, and pave the way for further developments in theology and doctrine.

In conclusion, the significance of the Council of Nicea cannot be overstated. Its achievements continue to shape Christianity and its influence can be seen in the beliefs and practices of Christians worldwide. So, it is an important event in the history of Christianity that helped to establish a strong foundation for the faith. With its lasting impact, the Council of Nicea will always hold a significant place in Christian history.

The Arian Group (Led by Arius)

The Father and Jesus were different substance Hetroousios

The Orthodox Group

Led by Hosius of Corduba (256-359) and Alexander of Alexandia (250-359)

The Father and Jesus are of the same substance (Homoousios)

The Eusebian Group (Led by Eusebius of Caeserea)

The father and Jesus were both fully God Eternal

Oldest Bibles of All Time

1. Codex Vaticanus (The Latin Bible)

Publish Date: 300-305 AD

Language: Greek

Printer/Writer/Translator: Unknown Scribes

Discovery or Publish Location: Unknown, but possibly Rome, Alexandria, or Caesarea

The Codex Vaticanus has been kept at the Vatican Library since around the 15th century, and it is the oldest known Bible in existence. The verses are printed on sheets of vellum, and it is believed that it was translated by at least three scribes.

Most scholars believe that the Codex Vaticanus is the most accurate Bible in existence, as it was written only a couple of hundred years after the death of Jesus. It is also considered to be one of the best translations of a Greek Bible. Though this isn’t a complete translation of the Bible, it is remarkably intact and mostly complete. It’s missing most of Genesis, Hebrews, and Revelations.

2. Codex Sinaiticus (The Sinai Bible)

Publish Date: 330 – 360 AD

Language: Greek

Printer/Writer/Translator: Unknown Scribes

Discovery or Publish Location: Saint Catherine’s Monastery in the Sinai Peninsula

The Codex Sinaiticus was widely considered to be the oldest Bible in existence until the actual oldest Bible was scientifically dated. The manuscript was discovered in the 19th century, though it was incomplete. Other parts of the same manuscript were found in both the 20th and 21st centuries. Today, the majority of these parts are on display at the British Library, which is in London.

When you look at the Codex Sinaiticus as a whole, there are large parts of the Old Testament that are missing. However, it is widely accepted that originally, the full Old Testament was part of the codex. Approximately half of the Old Testament remains, and the full New Testament is part of the display.

3. Codex Alexandrinus

Publish Date: 400 to 440 AD

Language: Greek

Printer/Writer/Translator: Unknown Scribes

Discovery or Publish Location: Alexandria, Egypt – Gifted to King Charles I of England in 1627

4. Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus

Publish Date: 460 AD

Language: Greek

Printer/Writer/Translator: Unknown Scribes

Discovery or Publish Location: Unknown, but Possibly Egypt

The Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus is another ancient Bible. Originally, it is believed that it was complete, but today, most of the Old Testament is missing, and only about 2/3 of the New Testament exists. Researchers believe that this text was written by two scribes, but their identities are not known.

Experts who have studied the Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus believe that those who wrote it were based on other manuscripts. The scribe switched from one manuscript to another as he wrote. Today, you can see the Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus in Paris. It is housed at the Bibliothèque nationale de France.

5. The Aleppo Codex

Publish Date: 930 AD

Language: Hebrew

Printer/Writer/Translator: Masoretes

Discovery or Publish Location: Tiberias, Israel

The Aleppo Codex is a full manuscript of the Bible. It was held and protected for more than 1,000 years in a number of Jewish communities in Egypt, Jerusalem, and Syria, which is where it gets its name. It was held in Syria until 1958, when it was smuggled out of the country and given to Izhak Ben-Zvi,the President of Israel.

In total, this manuscript is 294 pages, though there are many missing pages due to damage from a riot in 1947. Since, there have been a number of attempts to find the missing pages, though ultimately, no one knows what has happened to them. Today, the Aleppo Codex is housed at the Shrine of the Book at the Israel Museum.

6. The Leningrad Codex

Publish Date: 1008 AD

Language: Hebrew

Printer/Writer/Translator: Samuel ben Jacob, and Others

Discovery or Publish Location: Cairo, Egypt

The Leningrad Codex is known for being the oldest complete Hebrew translation of the Bible. In addition to its historical and religious significance, the Leningrad Codex is one of the best examples of Jewish medieval art in existence. This manuscript also proves that the Old Testament of the Bible has barely changed in thousands of years.

One of the unusual things about the Leningrad Codex is that some of the books are out of order when compared to the traditional Bible. It is also remarkably in great shape, considering it is more than 1,000 years old. Today, the Leningrad Codex is at the National Library of Russia.

7. The Coverdale Bible

Publish Date: 1535

Language: Modern English

Printer/Writer/Translator: Compiled by Myles Coverdale

Discovery or Publish Location: Zurich, Switzerland or Antwerp, Belgium

The Coverdale Bible was the first Bible to be a full Modern English translation of the full Bible, and it contained both the Old and the New Testaments. There were several editions of the Coverdale Bible, at least 20, and the final edition was published in 1553.

One of the most interesting things about the Coverdale Bible was the man who did most of the work in creating it. His name was Myles Coverdale, and he made a career out of Bible printing. In addition to this Bible, he also worked on other Bibles, including the Geneva Bible and the Great Bible.

8. The Great Bible

Publish Date: 1539

Language: Modern English

Printer/Writer/Translator: Myles Coverdale

Discovery or Publish Location: England

The Great Bible was commissioned by King Henry VIII of England. Every parish in the country was required by the King to buy a copy of this Bible from the Crown. There were six full editions of the Great Bible, and there were more than 9,000 copies made.

At the time, this was the only version of the Bible that was permitted to be read in English churches. Most of the Great Bible was based on the Tyndale Bible, which wasn’t so much a Bible at all. It was simply a collection Biblical texts written by William Tyndale. It was also the first Bible to have a colored title page.

9. The Geneva Bible

Publish Date: 1560

Language: English

Printer/Writer/Translator: William Tyndale and Myles Coverdale

Discovery or Publish Location: Geneva, Switzerland

The Geneva Bible was created in 1560 in Geneva, Switzerland. However, it was an English Bible. During the reign of Queen Mary, many English theologians fled to other parts of Europe to continue their religious studies. It was due to this migration that the Geneva Bible came to be.

Mostly translated by William Tyndale, with help from Myles Coverdale, the Bible is one of the most significant in Christian history. It was the primary translation for many years, and it was even brought to America by the Pilgrims on the Mayflower. The Geneva Bible was also the first mechanically printed Bible to be mass produced and was widely available to the general public. You can still find the Geneva Bible today.

Read about Oldest People in the Bible by Oldest.Org.

10. The Bishop’s Bible

Publish Date: 1568

Language: English

Printer/Writer/Translator: Church of English Bishops

Discovery or Publish Location: England

The Bishops’ Bible is an interesting choice to start with. Immediately before the reign of Elizabeth I of England, her half-sister, Queen Mary, known as “Bloody Mary,” banned the Bible from England. When Elizabeth I took the throne, she immediately reinstated it, and asked the Archbishop of Canterbury, Matthew Parker, to come up with a new version of the Book. The result of this is known as The Bishop’s Bible.

The Bishop’s Bible was translated by fewer than 10 bishops and was based on three earlier versions of the Bible: one in Greek, one in Latin, and one in Hebrew. Unfortunately, the language is quite archaic, there are several blunders, and though it’s possible to find, it’s rarely re-printed, today.

Various Bibles

The Syriac Bible (61 Books)

This Syriac Bible contains a 39-book Old Testament and 27-book New Testament, as found in the standard Protestant tradition. While the New Testament is the same, the Syriac Old Testament canon contains more books, including 5 Maccabees and the Apocalypse of Baruch, which are unique to the Syriac Orthodox Church.

The Ethiopian Bible (81 Books)

The Ethiopian Bible is the oldest and most complete bible on earth. Written in Ge'ez an ancient dead language of Ethiopia it's nearly 800 years older than the King James Version and contains over 100 books compared to 66 of the Protestant Bible.

Protestant Bibles (66 Books)

Protestant Bibles comprise 39 books of the Old Testament (according to the Jewish Hebrew Bible canon, known especially to non-Protestants as the protocanonical books) and the 27 books of the New Testament for a total of 66 books.

Coptic Bible (75 Books)

It contains 39 books which are divided into five sections: the books of History, book of the Law, the books of poetry and Wisdom, and the books of prophesy).

These are the extra books in the Septuagint: 1- Tobias; 2- Judith; 3- Sequel of Esther; 4- The wisdom (Wisdom of Solomon); 5- Wisdom of Joshua son of Sirach; 6- Baroukh; 7- Sequel of the Book of Daniel; 8- Macabees first and second; 9- (and Psalm 151, following Psalm 150 in the Greek Bible).

Roman Catholic Bible (73 books)

The canon or official list of books of the Catholic Bible is comprised of 72 books (73 if Lamentations is separate from Jeremiah). The Old Testament has 45 (or 46) books and the New Testament has 27. The Old Testament was written before the time of Christ and is basically the Jewish Bible.

Christmatic Bible (76 books).

Orthodox Bible (86 books).

The Orthodox Study Bible has 76 books. But even then, there are other worthwhile books not part of this canon. Strictly defining the canon isn't considered as crucial in Orthodoxy, because the Church itself is the primary living witness of the faith. The Bible is the Bible because it agrees with the Church, not the other way around.

The Gospel of Thomas

The Gospel of Thomas is an extra-canonical sayings gospel. It was discovered near Nag Hammadi, Egypt, in December 1945 among a group of books known as the Nag Hammadi library. Scholars speculate that the works were buried in response to a letter from Bishop Athanasius declaring a strict canon of Christian scripture.

The Gospel of Barnabas

The Gospel of Barnabas is a non-canonical, pseudepigraphical gospel written in the Late Middle Ages and attributed to the early Christian disciple Barnabas, who is one of the apostles of Jesus.

Where are the sources? Where did they come from? Who wrote them? What are the dates? On who’s authority?

Past of The Lost Books of the Bible

♦ = attributed to the Apostolic Fathers

The Book of Enoch

The Protevangelion

The Gospel of the Infancy of Jesus Christ

The Infancy Gospel of Thomas

The Book of Jesus Christ

The Gospel of Nicodemus (Acts of Pilate)

The Apostles' Creed (throughout history)

The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Laodiceans

The Epistles of Paul the Apostle to Seneca, with Seneca's to Paul

The Acts of Paul and Thecla

♦ The Epistles of Clement (The First and Second Epistles of Clement to the Corinthians)

♦ The Epistle of Barnabas

♦ The Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians

♦ The Epistle of Ignatius to the Magnesians

♦ The Epistle of Ignatius to the Trallians

♦ The Epistle of Ignatius to the Romans

♦ The Epistle of Ignatius to the Philadelphians

♦ The Epistle of Ignatius to the Smyrneans

♦ The Epistle of Ignatius to Polycarp

♦ The Shepherd of Hermas (Visions, Commands, and Similitudes)

Letter of Herod To Pilate the Governor

Letter of Pilate to Herod

The Lost Gospel of Peter

♦ The Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians

The History of Susana

Contents of The Forgotten Books of Eden

The Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan (The First and Second Book of Adam and Eve)

The Secrets of Enoch (also known as the Slavonic Enoch or Second Enoch)

The Psalms of Solomon

The Odes of Solomon

The Letter of Aristeas

The Fourth Book of Maccabees

The Story of Ahikar

Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs

Books of the Apocrypha

1 Esdras and 2 Esdras (150-100 BC)

Tobit (200 BC)

Judith (150 BC)

Additions to Esther (Vulgate Esther 10:4 – 16:24) (140-130 BC)

Wisdom of Solomon (30 BC)

Sirach (Ecclesiasticus), otherwise known as The Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach (132 BC)

Baruch (150-50 BC)

Letter of Jeremiah (300-100 BC)

Song of the Three Children (Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children), an addition in the Greek version of Daniel 3 (170-160 BC)

Story of Susanna (Vulgate Daniel 13) (200-0 BC)

The Idol Bel and the Dragon (Vulgate Daniel 14) (100 BC)

Additions to Daniel, or the Prayer of Azariah (200-0 BC)

Prayer of Manasseh (100-0 BC)

1 Maccabees (110 BC)

2 Maccabees (110-170 BC)

2. Books of the Pseudepigrapha

Epistle of Barnabas

3 Maccabees

4 Maccabees

Assumption of Moses (Testament of Moses)

Book of Enoch

Book of Jubilees

Psalms of Solomon

Letter of Aristeas

The Odes of Solomon

Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs

2 Baruch

3 Baruch

First (and Second) Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians

The letter of the Smyrnaeans (also known as The Martyrdom of Polycarp)

The Shepherd of Hermas

The Gospel of Judas (130-170 AD)

Gospel of Thomas (140-170 AD)

The Books of Adam and Eve

The Acts of Phillip

The Apocalypse of Peter

The Gospel of the Nativity of Mary

The Gospel of Nicodemus

The Gospel of the Saviour's Infancy

The History of Joseph the Carpenter

The Acts of Paul (Including Paul and Thecla)

The Seven Epistles of Ignatius

The Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians

8 the Spirit, and the water, and the blood, and the three are one.

8 And there are three that bear witness in earth, the Spirit, and the water, and the blood: and these three agree in one.

Disciples of Jesus in Order

The disciples of Jesus, also known as the apostles, were the twelve chosen men who followed Jesus during his ministry. They were selected by Jesus to spread his teachings and continue his work after he was crucified.

1. Simon Peter

Simon Peter, also known as Saint Peter or Cephas, was one of the first disciples called by Jesus. He was a fisherman before becoming a disciple and is considered to be the leader of the group.

2. Andrew

Andrew was the brother of Simon Peter and another fisherman who became a disciple of Jesus. He was also one of the first to be called by Jesus along with his brother.

3. James, son of Zebedee

James was the son of Zebedee and Salome, and the brother of John. He was a fisherman before he became a disciple and is often referred to as "James the Greater".

4. John

John, who was also a fisherman before becoming a disciple, was the brother of James and the son of Zebedee and Salome. Along with Peter and James, he formed part of Jesus' inner circle.

5. Philip

Philip was from Bethsaida and was called by Jesus to be his disciple. He is often associated with Nathanael, another disciple of Jesus.

6. Bartholomew

Bartholomew, also known as Nathanael, was a friend of Philip who became a disciple after being introduced to Jesus by Philip.

7. Matthew

Matthew, also known as Levi, was a tax collector before becoming a member of the twelve disciples. He later wrote the Gospel According to Matthew.

8. Thomas

Thomas, also known as Didymus or "the twin", was one of the twelve disciples who is known for doubting Jesus' resurrection until he saw him in person.

9. James, son of Alphaeus

James, son of Alphaeus, was another disciple called by Jesus. He is often referred to as "James the Less" or "James the Younger".

10. Thaddaeus

Thaddaeus, also known as Judas or Lebbaeus, was a disciple chosen by Jesus and is often associated with being a brother or relative of James, son of Alphaeus.

11. Simon the Zealot

Simon the Zealot, also known as Simon the Cananaean or Simon the Canaanite, was a disciple of Jesus who is believed to have been a member of a Jewish nationalist group called the Zealots.

12. Judas Iscariot

Judas Iscariot, infamous for betraying Jesus, was one of his disciples. He is often referred to as "the traitor" and is known for receiving thirty pieces of silver for handing over Jesus to the authorities.

These were the twelve disciples chosen by Jesus to spread his message and continue his work after he ascended into heaven. They played crucial roles in the early Christian church and their names are often mentioned in the New Testament. However, there were also other disciples of Jesus who were not part of the twelve, such as Mary Magdalene, Joanna, and Mary the mother of James and Joseph. They also supported Jesus' ministry and were witnesses to his resurrection. Overall, the disciples of Jesus were dedicated individuals who played a significant role in spreading his teachings and establishing Christianity as a major world religion. So, they hold an important place in history and continue to be revered by Christians around the world

List of Heresies

Adoptionism The belief Jesus is not eternally God but became God sometime after His birth

Antinomianism The belief that Christians are not bound by God’s law and are free to sin as they please; That Jesus' rescues from the guilt of sin but not its power.

Anti-Paulism The belief that the Apostle Paul was a heretic and that the books he wrote are not a part of Biblical Canon

Apolonarianism – The belief that the Logos took that place of the rational human soul of Jesus. That though Jesus was a man, He did not have a human mind but that the mind of Christ was solely divine. Apollinaris taught that the two natures of Christ could not coexist within one person. His solution was to lessen the human nature of Christ.

Arianism The belief that Jesus and the Holy Spirit were lesser, created beings and not persons of the Godhead .

Christian Deism The belief that God does not intervene in or interact with the world.

Docetism - The belief that Jesus was divine but only seemed to be human.

Donatism - The Belief that the efficacy of the sacraments depends on the character of the minister.

Dual Covenant Theology The belief that Jews can still be saved without believing in Jesus.

Ebionites - A Jewish-Christian group which believed that Jesus did not exist before his birth and that God adopted him at his baptism.

Eutychianism - The belief that Jesus' finite human nature is swallowed up in His infinite divine nature.

Gay Theology - The belief that homosexuality is not a sin. Consequently, the full gospel of rescue from sin's tyranny is witheld from those who self-identify as "gay"

Gnosticism - Holds to a radical dualism of good and evil and believes secret knowledge is necessary for salvation. This contrasts sharply with Christianity which affirms the good of creation. Gnostics think matter is evil.

Inclusivism The belief that faith is not necessary for salvation and that God’s mercy is so wide that it embraces all non-Christian peoples on the earth

Kenosis The belief that Jesus ceased to be divine while on Earth

Kinism The belief that people are only to consort, worship, and marry people of their same race.

Legalism - Trusting in one's own righteousness (or anything) aside from Jesus to win acceptance with God

Liberalism The belief that Scripture is not inerrant or infallible (Not to be confused with the political system of the same name)

Limited Theism The belief that God’s powers are or can be limited and He is not All-Powerful

Marcionism - The belief that the God of the O.T. is evil and the God of the N.T. is good. Affirms 11 books in the Canon

Macedonianism The belief that God the Holy Spirit is not a member of the Godhead but merely a creation of God.

Manichaeism The belief that good and evil are both equally powerful in ability and/or authority.

Modalism The belief that the members of the Trinity are not three distinct people but three different aspects of the same person.

Like Christians, adherents to modalism believe that God is one in essence. However, modalists differ in how they view God’s personality. Christians believe God is three separate, eternal Persons with unique roles. Modalists believe God is one entity who changes modes as He sees fit. Hence, He was God the Father in the Old Testament, shifted into God the Son (Jesus Christ) in the New Testament, and now operates as the Holy Spirit. It logically follows that no divine mode can be eternal or distinct.

Monarchianism - The belief that God is one person.

Monophysitism - The belief that Jesus had only one nature: divine.

Montanism The belief that the Bible is either insufficient or incomplete, and that new revelation from God is being regularly given.

Moralistic Therapeutic Deism - the new American Religion.

Neo-Orthodoxy The belief that the Bible is not the Inspired Word of God unless it is being read by a believer.

Neoplatonism The belief that all existence consists of emanations from the One with whom the soul may be reunited.

Nestorianism - The belief that Jesus was two persons.

Open Theism The belief that God is not omniscient and doesn’t know the future.

Papal Primacy The belief that the Pope is the head of the Church while it is on Earth as well as the vicar of Christ.

Partialism The belief that each member of the Trinity is 1/3 of God rather than being fully God.

Pelagianism The belief that human nature is untainted by the Fall of Man and is not corrupted with Original Sin.

Pluralism The belief that two or more religions can be true at one time.

Positive Thinking The belief that your thoughts have the God-like ability to create your reality.

Prosperity Gospel The belief that the promises of the Gospel include good physical health and Earthly wealth.

Progressive Christianity - a post-modern theological approach, a revisionist view of the Scriptures, with a strong focus on social justice and an over-emphasis on politics. Rooted in Liberal Christianity of the modern-era.

Rauschenbuschism (the social gospel) The belief that the main purpose of the Gospel is to be the cure for social issues rather than the forgiveness of sins and reconciliation with God.

Roman Catholicism - Roman Catholicism violates scripture in its doctrine of salvation, its claims about its authority, its apostolic succession, its priesthood, and its claim to have the sole right to interpret Scripture.

Semi-Pelagianism - The belief that man and God cooperate to achieve man's salvation.(with man initiating)

Socinianism - A Denial of the Trinity. The belief that Jesus is a deified man

Subordinationism - The belief that the Son is lesser than the Father in essence and or attributes.

Trinitarian Heresies Here is list of major heresies which deny the biblical teaching on the Trinity

Tritheism The belief that the Godhead is actually three separate gods

Universalism The belief that everyone will go to Heaven

Word of Faith The belief that human words have the God-like power to create or destroy.

Works Righteousness The belief that we are saved by works or a combination of faith and works rather than by faith alone.

4th century

Arianism The belief that Jesus Christ is not fully divine but is a created being.[16]

Donatism A movement that arose in North Africa in the 4th century AD. Donatists believed that the Catholic Church had become corrupt and that only the Donatists were the true Christians.[17]

Apollinarianism The belief that Jesus did not have a human mind or soul, but only a human body.[18]

Tritheism The belief that there are three gods, rather than one God in three persons.[19]

Collyridianism The belief is that the Trinity consists of the Father, Son, and Mary and that the Son results from the marital union between the other two.[20]

Binitarianism Binitarianism is a Christian heresy that teaches that there are only two persons in the Godhead: the Father and the Son. The Holy Spirit is not considered to be a separate person, but rather an aspect of the Son or the Father.[21]

Subordinationism A heresy that teaches that the Son and the Holy Spirit are not co-equal with the Father. Subordinationists believe that the Son and the Holy Spirit are subordinate to the Father in either nature, role, or both.[22]

Anomoeanism A heresy that taught that Jesus was not fully divine, but was a created being. Anomoeans also believed that Christ could not be like God because he lacked the quality of self-existence.[23]

Antidicomarians also called Dimoerites, were a Christian sect active from the 3rd to the 5th century who rejected the perpetual virginity of Mary. They were condemned by St. Epiphanius of Salamis in the 4th century.[24]

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